PCIe NVMe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express Non-Volatile Memory Express) SSDs represent a major advancement in data storage because of the speed and efficiency they deliver along with a direct connection to the CPU.
A quick comparison with older technologies like SATA SSDs or traditional HDDs, shows that improved read/write speeds allow tasks like booting an OS, launching applications, file transfers and large data processing to take place much faster. But there is another inherent advantage because NVMe is designed for flash memory and allows parallel I/O operations which drastically reduces latency, ensuring smoother performance for high-end applications or any task that requires real-time data access.
There are now multiple generations of PCIe NVMe SSDs available which can make choosing the most suitable solution challenging. The best approach is to look at the needs of the organization and align these with the different options. In this article, we will explore the differences between Gen 3, Gen 4 and the new Gen 5 SSD’s, to determine what can be expected from each one, and what an upgrade will deliver in terms of benefits.
Regional Director for UK & Ireland and DRAM Business Manager for the EMEA Region at Kingston Technology.
Unpacking the different PCIe generations
PCIe is the interface standard that allows SSDs to connect to the motherboard. With every new generation of PCIe there is an improvement in bandwidth and speed. NVMe is a communication interface and driver that has been designed specifically for high-speed data transfer between the computer’s solid-state drive (SSD) and its processor, leveraging the PCIe interface.
Looking at Gen 3, Gen 4 and Gen 5 SSD’s in terms of maximum bandwidth, maximum read speed and the applications for which they are most suitable, we can see clearly how they stack up:
PCIe Gen 3: This offers a maximum bandwidth of 16GB/s across 16 lanes, with up to 3,500MB/s sequential read speeds on NVMe SSDs. This generation is ideal for general computing needs.
PCIe Gen 4: This generation doubled the bandwidth of Gen 3 to 32GB/s across 16 lanes, enabling SSDs to reach sequential read speeds of over 7,000MB/s. For users who need support for PC and console gaming, or for content creation.
PCIe Gen 5: Once again this doubles the bandwidth, offering up to 64GB/s across 16 lanes. Gen 5 SSDs have set outstanding new standards in when it comes to achieving sequential read speeds exceeding 14,000MB/s. The newest generation is designed for high-performance workloads and PC gaming.
It’s important to note that theoretical speeds are calculated without external factors such as NAND speed, controller limitations and optimization for real world efficiency and cooling.
Each generational leap offers not just marginal improvements, but foundational shifts in data transfer rates, capacity, and interactions with modern CPUs and software. On top of this is continually improved efficiency, which further benefits high-performance workloads, or intensive compute activity such as gaming.
The PCIe NVMe adoption landscape
Most computers are still using Gen 3 or even SATA SSDs, which are common in older systems and budget builds. Adopting Gen 4 over Gen 3 provides the kind of performance boost that matters amongst users whose needs are specific and demanding, such as content creators, and professionals working with large amounts of data.
Gen 5 is much newer to the market and is currently more expensive but is sought after by users with data-intensive tasks. Gen 5 SSDs are suitable for supporting 8K video editing, top-end gaming and large-scale simulations, but with the rapid growth of AI, sales are being further boosted. Because they more than double the read and write speeds of Gen 4, they are being widely used for AI model training.
One of the advantages of PCIe Gen 5 is that it provides futureproofing. Users are investing in a technology that will remain relevant for many years, as software and hardware continue to demand higher performance. Even if there are some applications and hardware that are unable to utilize Gen 5 just yet, it is backwards compatible.
Is PCIe Gen 5 needed for gaming on PlayStation 5 or Xbox series X?
We are often asked this question, and it applies to other gaming systems too. PCIe Gen 5 SSDs are the best on the market, but that doesn’t mean that all users need them right now. The Sony PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X are designed to support Gen 4 SSDs with a heatsink. A Gen 4 NVMe SSD with heatsink, will be more than capable of providing the speed required to optimize load times and gameplay performance on these games consoles.
For most gamers and everyday users, Gen 4 SSDs strike an ideal mix of speed and cost-effectiveness. Unless a user is tackling high-end tasks that require top-tier performance, Gen 4 drives are more than capable of handling the demands.
Generational standard improvements
Any upgrade needs careful consideration, and practical matters such as motherboard compatibility and thermal management needs are important. PCIe NVMe SSDs have evolved rapidly, and each new generation has raised the bar for speed and efficiency, but the first question should be, what do I need this for?
PCIe Gen 3 is a reliable choice for everyday computing, and Gen 4 steps up with noticeably faster performance; while at the top of the spectrum, PCIe Gen 5 delivers cutting-edge speeds for power users. Cost versus performance gain and long-term efficiency are key factors to add into the decision mix when upgrading or investing in this storage technology.
We’ve listed the best portable SSDs.
This article was produced as part of TechRadarPro’s Expert Insights channel where we feature the best and brightest minds in the technology industry today. The views expressed here are those of the author and are not necessarily those of TechRadarPro or Future plc. If you are interested in contributing find out more here: https://www.techradar.com/news/submit-your-story-to-techradar-pro
